Count the whole lifecycle, not one convenient number.

Change workload, scale, hardware, location, utilization, and useful output. Every estimate shows its assumptions and uncertainty.

Electricity12.4 MWh
Operational carbon4.2 tCO₂e
Cooling water18.6 kL
Per useful task12 Wh
RIGHT-TOOL CHECK
Smaller model
The task is repetitive, moderate accuracy is acceptable, and volume is high.

Training, inference, chip fabrication, cooling, and useful output belong in the same conversation. Precision without matched boundaries is only false confidence.

Compare ways to complete the task

ApproachEnergy/taskPrivacyBest when

Transparent formulas

energy = chips × power × hours × utilization × PUE

carbon = kWh × grid intensity

per useful task = total ÷ successful outputs

Embodied hardware is allocated by the share of lifetime compute used in this scenario.

What drives the answer?

Should this task use a model?

Start with a smaller model or deterministic program, then measure whether complexity adds useful outcomes.

Recommendations are engineering prompts, not moral verdicts. Social benefit and harm require evidence outside this calculator.

Uncertainty range

Current high estimate is 2.9× the low estimate. Grid intensity and utilization dominate this scenario.

Knowledge check

Why can per-request comparisons mislead?

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