Explore an uncalibrated teaching model, not a measured Bobby Witt Jr. throw. The default accelerates 92.5 mph to 292.1 mph: its arbitrary upward force produces unrealistic flight. All glove factors and thresholds are assumptions; no real catch, injury, or rupture prediction is supported.
What can a velocity-and-spring model teach us without pretending to measure an actual throw?
Change one input at a time, export the assumptions, and check the result against basic physics. These four scenarios are authored examples. A famous player name is context, not evidence for their input values.
No tracked throw, catch height, glove material tests, calibration, or validation dataset is supplied. The upward-force rule produces unrealistic acceleration. The animation is a schematic, and the threshold result cannot establish glove failure or catch safety.
The default 92.5 mph, 142 ft, 6.5-degree, 1850 RPM scenario ends at 292.1 mph after 1.28 seconds. Its 1235.9 J feeds an ideal 45000 N/m spring: x = sqrt(2E/k) is about 23.4 cm and F = kx is about 10546.6 N. The H-Web factor is 1.00, so comparison with the assumed 780 N threshold is about 1352.1%. These are outputs of an unrealistic model, not glove measurements.
MLB defines individual-play arm strength as the maximum throwing velocity at release. This page does not supply a tracked play. MLB: Arm Strength definition
Use a dated, identifiable throw and its measurement method before attributing a velocity, distance, spin, or angle to a player. The Routine example is not an MLB league-average estimate.
The numerical solver starts at 1.8 m and advances in 0.001-second steps until horizontal distance reaches the input or time reaches 3 seconds. It does not detect the ground or a glove interception. End speed is the full horizontal-plus-vertical velocity magnitude, not a measured arm-strength statistic.
Its drag follows D = 0.5 rho A Cd v², with fixed density 1.204 kg/m³, radius 0.0366 m and Cd 0.33. NASA explains that the coefficient depends on the object and conditions; this page provides no experimental calibration. NASA Glenn: Drag equation
The separate upward force is 0.00015 × RPM × speed. At the default release it is about 11.48 N versus only 1.42 N of weight. It injects energy instead of representing a validated baseball lift model. Increasing spin can therefore make the result less realistic. The full curve is fitted using separate horizontal and vertical scales.
The calculation equates end kinetic energy to 0.5 kx² and uses F = kx. OpenStax derives this elastic energy for a Hooke-law spring; a glove also has damping, geometry, hand motion and material effects absent here. OpenStax: Elastic potential energy
The four web multipliers 1.00, 1.08, 0.88 and 0.82 are authored assumptions. The 500–1200 N slider is an assumed force threshold, not measured tensile strength or stress. Keeping end energy fixed, raising spring stiffness raises peak force while reducing compression; compare those changes rather than selecting equipment from the banner.
The exported spring half-period is pi × sqrt(m/k), about 5.6 ms by default. It is not a measured contact time. The impact view instead plays a fixed 0.6-second pixel illustration; its deformation is not calculated compression. Progress is labelled as a percentage in that view.
Export the default, change only web factor, then export again: trajectory and energy stay the same while scaled force changes. Next hold the web factor fixed and vary stiffness. Reset restores H-Web, the trajectory view and the original numerical scenario; it retains the original autoplay behavior. JSON includes assumptions, endpoint height and explicitly scoped model results.
Definition only; does not verify the authored scenarios.
Drag formula and experimental coefficient context.
Ideal Hooke-law spring energy, not glove performance.