Brazil Legislative Power Balance
The Economist Research Model • Coalition Presidentialism

Brazil Legislative Power Balance: Executive vs Congress Coalition Simulator

Directly model why Brazil's National Congress holds unprecedented leverage over the Planalto presidency through mandatory budget earmarks (emendas impositivas), Centrão swing coalitions, and veto gates.

Institutional Levers
Historical Presets
CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES (513 SEATS) Simple Majority: 257 | PEC: 308
Gov (130)
Centrão (245)
Opposition (138)
Executive Autonomy: 21.6% Legislative Leverage: 78.4%
Centrão Gatekeeping Verdict: Requires mandatory budget earmarks and ministerial portfolios to avoid committee burial.
Cross-Regime Legislative Power Comparison
Democracy / System Budget Power Decree Gatekeeping Veto Override
Brazil (Hyper-Congress) Mandatory (Emendas Impositivas) Chamber Speaker 120-day stall Absolute majority of both houses
United States Congressional Appropriation No presidential decree expiry Two-thirds supermajority
United Kingdom Executive Whitehall Monopoly Strict party whip supremacy Royal Assent convention
Executive-Dominant Regime Decree by fiat / Weak checks Executive dictates agenda Legislative override barred
Diagnostic Outcomes
Earmark Concessions Demanded
R$ 18.5B
Discretionary budget captured by congressional rapporteurs.
Policy Passage Probability
44.2%
Governing coalition lacks standalone majority without Centrão concessions.
Presidential Veto Override Risk
High
Congress can muster 257+ deputies to overturn presidential vetoes.
Executive Discretion Index
12.5%
Remaining flexible fiscal space after mandatory expenditures.
Centrão Loyalty Status
Requires mandatory budget earmarks and ministerial portfolios to avoid committee burial
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