Crude supply taken offline through pipeline damage, embargoes, or tanker corridor blockades.
Government counter-cyclical inventory release to cushion physical spot market shortfalls.
Financial speculative buffer pricing in potential tanker insurance hikes and future supply threats.
12-Month Brent Crude Price Curve Projection
Simulated trajectory accounting for supply decay, refinery adjustment, and SPR depletion over a 12-month horizon.
Refiners pass crude oil spot price changes to wholesale gasoline at an empirical pass-through of ~$0.024/gal per $1/bbl crude movement over 4–6 weeks.
Kerosene/jet fuel crack spreads widen during middle-distillate regional shortages, prompting airline fuel surcharges and freight logistics cost inflation.
Energy weighting in the Consumer Price Index pushes annualized headline inflation higher by ~0.0325 percentage points per dollar crude delta.