Money for Minors

The Compound-Growth Math Behind Kids' Investment Accounts

New "Trump Accounts" seed newborns with $1,000 of index-fund investments. Whatever you think of the politics, the underlying finance — starting investments at age 0 — is worth understanding. Grow the money tree below.

Grow the Money Tree

Each ring of golden fruit is roughly $5,000 of value at age 18. Move the sliders and watch the tree — and the split between what was contributed vs. what compounding added.

drag to rotate
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projected balance
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money put in
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growth earned

What are "Trump Accounts"? The neutral facts

These accounts join an existing family of options: 529 plans (tax-free for education), custodial UTMA/UGMA accounts (flexible, taxed to the child), and custodial Roth IRAs (needs earned income; tax-free at retirement). The right pick depends on the goal — none is automatically "best."

Worked example: why age 0 beats age 25

PlanTotal contributedValue at 65 (7%/yr)
$1,000 at birth + $50/mo until 18, then nothing$11,800≈ $250,000
Nothing until 25, then $200/mo for 40 years$96,000≈ $479,000
Both combined$107,800≈ $729,000

The child plan contributes 8× less money yet ends up with more than half as much — because its dollars compound for 47–65 years. That's the whole lesson: time in the market is the most powerful variable, more than the contribution amount or even the return rate.

Caveats worth teaching kids too: 7% is a long-run average (the S&P 500's inflation-adjusted historical average) — real paths swing wildly; fees compound against you exactly the way returns compound for you; and locked accounts trade flexibility for discipline.

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