Congressional Contempt & Constitutional Immunity Simulator

2 U.S.C. §§ 192/194
Legislative Action
Constitutional Protection
Executive / DOJ
Judicial Branch Check
Scenario Controls
Active Node Legal Analysis
Full Senate Contempt Vote Legislative

The full chamber votes on a resolution certifying criminal contempt of Congress under 2 U.S.C. § 194 following committee approval.

🏛️ Kastigar v. United States, 406 U.S. 441 (1972)
Procedural Requirement
Certification by Senate President / Speaker to US Attorney for DC is mandatory under 2 U.S.C. § 194.
Historical Precedents
Quinn v. United States 349 U.S. 155
5th Amendment protections explicitly apply to Congressional committee inquiries.
Watkins v. United States 354 U.S. 178
Congress must establish clear legislative purpose and relevance of questions.
United States v. House of Rep. 556 F. Supp. 150
DOJ retains grand jury prosecutorial discretion on criminal referrals under § 194.
Active State Node: full_senate_contempt_vote
Constitutional Protection Validity: Fifth Amendment privilege applies to congressional inquiries if answer creates reasonable apprehension of criminal liability (Kastigar v. United States)
Next Step: Full Senate floor vote on criminal contempt resolution under 2 U.S.C. § 194
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