Diamond-Anvil Ice Phase Explorer

Diamond-Anvil Compression Cell (DAC) Diamond Anvil Locked

Diamond Tip

Oxygen (O) Sublattice

Mobile Proton (H⁺)

Presets:

Applied Diamond Anvil Pressure (P) 2,000,000 atm (202.7 GPa)

1 atm (Sea level) 1,000,000 atm (101 GPa) 2,500,000 atm (253 GPa)

Chamber Laser Temperature (T) 3,600°F (2,255 K)

32°F (Freezing) 2,000°F 4,500°F (Exotic Core)

Thermodynamic State & Telemetry Stable Crystal Lattice under Extreme Compression

Identified Thermodynamic Phase

Superionic High-Temp Ice (Ice XVIII)

Body-Centered Cubic Oxygen Sublattice with Mobile Protons

Pressure (atm)

2,000,000

202.65 GPa (Gigapascals)

Temperature (°F)

3,600

2,255.4 Kelvin

Oxygen Lattice Rigidity

Crystalline (BCC)

Interatomic spacing ~2.4 Å

Proton Diffusivity (H⁺)

Liquid-like (>10⁻⁴ cm²/s)

Superionic Conduction

Laboratory Mechanism

"Researchers created it by crushing water between diamond tips at more than 2 million times Earth’s atmospheric pressure" — @Dexerto

Under 2+ million atmospheres of compression between diamond anvil culets, oxygen atoms freeze into a rigid body-centered cubic (BCC) crystalline framework despite temperatures exceeding 3,600°F (2,255 K). Protons dissociate and diffuse freely through the oxygen matrix, behaving simultaneously as a solid lattice and an electrical fluid.