The Senate Homeland Security Committee voted to hold former NIAID Director Dr. Anthony Fauci in contempt of Congress following testimony where he invoked Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination over 100 times.
2 U.S.C. § 192: Refusal of witness to testify or produce papers constitutes a misdemeanor, punishable by fine ($100-$1,000) and imprisonment (1-12 months).
Constitutional Privilege Overlap: Valid Fifth Amendment invocation protects against compelled self-incrimination, but committee may challenge scope or offer statutory immunity under 18 U.S.C. § 6005.
Lois Lerner (2014): IRS official pleaded Fifth Amendment; House voted contempt; DOJ declined prosecution citing valid privilege.
Bryan Pagliano (2016): State Dept IT staffer pleaded Fifth regarding private email server subpoena.