Evolutionary Parameters
Generation: 350 Mya
Synteny Ribbon & Ohnolog Alignment Track
48 Ancestral Loci → 96 Ohnolog Candidates
Retained Pairs
19
Subfunctionalized
8
Neofunctionalized
6
Dosage Retained
5
Lost / Pseudogenes
29
Interactive Ohnolog Locus Inspector
Locus #14 (Venom/Silk Cluster)
| Locus | Ancestral Gene | Paralog A Fate | Paralog B Fate | Ks Divergence | Dosage Complex |
|---|
Evolutionary Theory: Proved vs. Conjectured
Comparative Genomics
PROVED MECHANISM
Duplication-Degeneration-Complementation (DDC): Force et al. (1999) proved that complementary degenerative mutations in regulatory sub-elements preserve both paralogs without requiring adaptive positive mutations, maintaining the ancestral expression breadth across subfunctionalized duplicates.
PROVED MECHANISM
Gene Dosage Balance Hypothesis: Birchler & Veitia proved that genes encoding subunits of stoichiometric multi-protein complexes or macromolecular machineries are refractory to single-gene deletions due to dominant-negative subunit imbalances, enforcing long-term duplicate retention post-WGD.
ACTIVE CONJECTURE
Chelicerate & Spider Venom Radiation: While ancestral synteny confirms a whole-genome duplication in arachnid ancestors (Schwager et al., 2017), the extent to which WGD directly accelerated silk and neurotoxic venom diversification versus local tandem duplications remains actively debated.
ACTIVE CONJECTURE
Vertebrate 2R vs Cyclostome Divergence: Whether the ancestral two rounds of WGD (1R/2R) occurred strictly before or overlapping the hagfish/lamprey divergence continues to undergo active phylogenetic revision with new chromosome-level cyclostome assemblies.