Haber-Bosch Reactor Lab

Steer temperature and pressure inside a steel reactor chamber. Watch N₂ and H₂ collide on an iron catalyst to form NH₃ — the single most important industrial chemical reaction for food security, now in your hands.

N₂ in chamber: 0 H₂ in chamber: 0 NH₃ in chamber: 0 Σ NH₃ produced: 0

Reactor Conditions

Temperature 450 °C

Pressure 200 atm

Reduced motion (freeze, show velocity arrows)

Equilibrium Yield

15.0%

Reaction Rate

50%

Rate — the kinetic compromise

Le Chatelier Curves

Yield vs Temperature (at 200 atm)

Yield vs Pressure (at 450 °C)

Hydrogen feed: Industrial H₂ comes from steam-methane reforming — CH₄ + H₂O → CO + 3H₂. Natural gas supplies both the H atoms and the energy to break the N≡N triple bond (941 kJ/mol). The Haber-Bosch process consumes roughly 1–2% of global primary energy.

Phosphate Rock Acidulation

Sulfuric acid pulls phosphorus out of insoluble calcium phosphate ore — the second pillar of N+P fertilizer chemistry. Enter the masses of your feed and see which reagent limits the reaction and how much phosphogypsum you also produce.

Ca₃(PO₄)₂ — Phosphate rock (kg)

H₂SO₄ — Sulfuric acid (kg)

Ca₃(PO₄)₂ + 3 H₂SO₄ → 3 CaSO₄ + 2 H₃PO₄

Each mole of phosphate rock requires exactly 3 moles of sulfuric acid. Excess water hydrates the calcium sulfate to phosphogypsum: CaSO₄·2H₂O. Phosphogypsum carries uranium and radium residues from the original ore and must be managed carefully.

Species	Formula	Moles (kmol)	Mass (kg)	Role

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