HOW IT WORKS
1. Contribution (RTMP/SRT)
Your encoder (OBS etc.) pushes one high-quality stream to an ingest server, usually over RTMP or SRT.
2. Transcode ladder (ABR)
The platform re-encodes that one feed into multiple renditions (1080p→240p). Adaptive Bitrate lets each player pick the rung its bandwidth can sustain and switch mid-stream — that is why ladders exist.
3. Delivery (HLS/DASH + CDN)
Video is chopped into small segment files served over plain HTTP, cached by CDN edge servers near viewers. Standard HLS buffers ~3 segments, so latency is often 15–30s; low-latency HLS ships partial chunks for ~3–6s (values are typical estimates).
4. Analytics
Concurrent viewers = players heartbeating right now. Watch time = summed viewing minutes (the retention metric). Chat rate proxies engagement; moderation (slow mode, blocked terms) trades raw volume for signal.