Miami Runway Overrun Collision and Stopping Distance Simulator

Stopping Distance

9420FT

MIA Rwy 09 Limit: 8,600 FT

Runway Overrun

820FT

Exceeded pavement end

Boundary Exit Speed

34.5KTS

Impact velocity at perimeter

Residual Impact Energy

182.4MJ

Fatal crush threshold > 65 MJ

Aviation Safety Status

CRITICAL_OVERRUN

HIGH_NEGLIGENCE_INDICATED

Aircraft & Runway Parameters B767-300BCF

Cargo Payload Mass 52.5 TONS

20 T (Empty) 52.5 T (Loaded Cargo) 60 T (MTOW)

Runway Friction Coeff (μ) 0.28 μ

0.15 (Hydroplane) 0.28 (Wet Rubber) 0.60 (Dry Grooved)

Touchdown Point 2,200 FT

1,000 FT (Aim Pt) 2,200 FT (Float/Late) 3,500 FT (Extreme)

Reverse Thrust Deployed 75 %

0% (Inop/Idle) 75% (Standard Max) 100% (Emergency Full)

Runway Surface Condition

Investigative Scenarios

Incident Context: Amazon cargo plane (Boeing 767) carrying heavy commercial freight overshot the 8,600-foot runway during adverse weather conditions, leading to 5 fatalities and wrongful-death litigation against operators for dispatched overweight landing on contaminated pavement.

KMIA RUNWAY 09/27 PHYSICAL DECELERATION VECTOR

Threshold (0 FT) Touchdown (2,200 FT) Midfield (4,300 FT) Pavement End (8,600 FT) Overrun Boundary (9,420 FT)

Aircraft Speed: 142.0 KTS

Ground Distance: 0 FT

Decel Rate: -1.82 m/s²

Braking Force: 278 kN

NTSB Runway Safety Audit & Causal Matrix 14 CFR § 121.195

Runway Contamination & Friction Degradation

Rubber deposits mixed with wet tropical storm rainfall reduced μ from nominal 0.55 down to 0.28, increasing stopping roll by 41%.

PRIMARY FACTOR

Long Landing & Flare Float Past 2,000 FT

Touchdown occurred at 2,200 FT past threshold, consuming over 25% of KMIA available pavement prior to ground spoiler deployment.

CRITICAL MARGIN LOSS

Gross Cargo Mass Dispatch Limits

At 52.5 tons payload, heavy Boeing 767 landing weight created excessive forward inertia requiring 182+ MJ kinetic dissipation.

CONTRIBUTORY

Engine Reverse Thrust Asymmetry / Lag

Reversers deployed at 75% efficiency 4 seconds post-touchdown due to wet wheel hydroplane sensor latency.

MITIGATING LAG

Wrongful-Death Legal Liability Evaluation Tort Exposure

Duty of Care: Weather & Runway Length Assessment

Commercial air carrier dispatch rules require factoring in 115% wet runway safety margins before committing to landing roll.

BREACH OF DUTY

Foreseeability of Hydroplane Overrun

Prior pilot reports (PIREPs) flagged degraded braking action on KMIA Runway 09 during active precipitation cells.

EVIDENTIARY MERIT

Carrier Vicarious Liability vs Airport Authority

Wrongful-death claim alleges Amazon air logistics operator and contract carrier demonstrated gross negligence in diversion avoidance.

HIGH EXPOSURE

EMAS (Arrestor Bed) Deficit at Runway End

Absence of engineered material arresting system permitted lethal impact velocity into perimeter berm structures.

SURVIVABILITY FACTOR