Nutrient Depletion & Reintroduction Simulator

Physiology Model v1.2

Biological Half-Lives & Bioavailability Mechanics

  • Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin): Liver stores (~2-5mg) deplete exponentially with a half-life of ~350-400 days. Full depletion manifests around 4-7 years without supplementation.
  • Heme vs. Non-Heme Iron: Heme iron (animal origin) is directly absorbed via HCP1 with ~15-35% efficiency. Non-heme iron (plant origin) requires enzymatic reduction (Dcytb) and DMT1 transport, with low bioavailability (2-10%) inhibited by phytates.
  • Neurochemical Reward Circuitry: Acute reintroduction after long depletion triggers intense gustatory dopamine releases in the nucleus accumbens due to primary metabolic receptor signaling.
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