A median rejects one extreme voice.
Sort [99, 100, 100, 101, 160]. The middle value remains 100 even though the mean rises to 112. Robust aggregation limits one outlier; it does not prove the report is true.
Predict the on-chain price. Inject a fault. Follow the exact consequence into a lending contract.
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The live report strip, formulas, explanations, and lesson controls remain fully usable.
Sort [99, 100, 100, 101, 160]. The middle value remains 100 even though the mean rises to 112. Robust aggregation limits one outlier; it does not prove the report is true.
Three nodes may repeat the same compromised provider or upstream market. Correlated reports are not independent evidence, so they can dominate the middle of the sorted set.
A stale honest report should not vote forever. Filtering it is necessary, but doing so can leave correlated fresh reports in control. Freshness and independence solve different failure modes.
Your production feed faces shared upstreams and stale reports. Which safeguard set addresses both mechanisms?