Simulate orbital phasing, transfer burns, relative motion, and terminal docking approaches for crewed spacecraft rendezvous with the International Space Station.
| Event / Burn | MET | Burn Δv | Target Orbit | Range |
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Counter-intuitively in orbital mechanics, speeding up directly expands your orbit, making your orbital period longer and causing you to fall further behind. To catch an orbiting space station ahead, the chaser drops into a lower orbit where its orbital velocity is faster and its period is shorter (Kepler's Third Law: $T^2 \propto a^3$). This orbital drift rate closes the phase angle.
A co-elliptic orbit maintains a nearly constant altitude difference from the target station's orbit across all true anomalies. This keeps the line-of-sight elevation and relative geometry predictable for navigation sensors (star trackers and LIDAR) before initiating the final Transfer Initiation (TI) burn.
In proximity operations, navigation is defined along the local-vertical local-horizontal (LVLH) frame. V-bar is aligned with the station's orbital velocity vector (approaching from behind or in front), while R-bar is along the radial vector pointing directly toward Earth center (approaching from below).