Presidential Detestation Matrix

Historiographical Framework Note: Assessing historical unpopularity or identifying any leader as "most hated" is inherently subjective and multidimensional. Public disapproval encompasses distinct historical phenomena: polling nadirs during specific scandals (e.g., Nixon, Truman), consensus institutional failures leading to crisis (e.g., Buchanan, Johnson), intense regional enmity (e.g., Lincoln during the Civil War), and modern systemic partisan polarization (e.g., Trump, Bush). This matrix separates empirical metrics from narrative claims to permit systematic comparative analysis.