SE Asia Transboundary Haze & Smoke Dispersion Simulator

Meteorological Presets

Wind Field Vectors

Wind Bearing 215° (SW)

Wind Velocity 24 km/h

Atmospheric Stability (Inversion) High (Trap PM)

Peatland Fire & Drought Drivers

El Niño Drought Index (IOD+) 92 (Severe)

Peat Moisture Deficit 78%

Sumatra Hotspots (Riau/Jambi) 480 Active

Kalimantan Hotspots (Central/West) 620 Active

Intervention & Suppression

Canal Blocking & Rewetting 15% Effective

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215° SW @ 24 km/h

Atmospheric Advection Vector

Ground PM2.5 Concentration

0 50 150 250 350+ µg/m³

Regional City Air Quality (PM2.5)

Atmospheric Telemetry

Total Particulate Flux 18.4 kt/day

Peat Carbon Emission 2.14 Mt CO₂e/d

Transboundary Transit (SG) 6.2 Hours

Exposed Population 44.8 Million

Aviation Disruption Risk Severe

Peat Combustion Physics

Tropical peat soil ignites underground at low temperatures (300–600°C), producing vast volumes of sub-micron PM2.5 and CO due to incomplete smoldering. Thermal buoyancy and monsoon shear steer plumes over the Strait of Malacca into regional urban centers.

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