Cohort Parameters
Interactive Modifiers
Daily Dosage
2000 IU/mg
Cohort Age
72 yrs
Baseline Score (MoCA / MMSE /30)
28.5 pts
Confounding Variables
Unadjusted Bias
Diet Quality Index (0-100)
65
Physical Exercise (days/wk)
3 days
Socioeconomic Status (SES Percentile)
70th
Confounding mechanism: Supplement users disproportionately present higher baseline health consciousness, healthier diets, and frequent healthcare access.
Findings are preliminary; mainly observational studies.
Consult a physician before altering supplementation.
Observational correlations often fail replication in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) due to healthy-user biases and reverse causality.
5-Year Cognitive Trajectory (Score / 30)
Modeled Adjusted
Raw Observational
Age-Matched Natural Baseline
The "Healthy User" Bias
People taking voluntary supplements generally exercise more, have higher median incomes, and eat balanced diets. Without randomized assignment, reported neuroprotective benefits are frequently misattributed lifestyle advantages.
Reverse Causation Paradox
Individuals experiencing early cognitive slowing or subjective memory complaints may proactively initiate high-dose regimens, generating spurious observational correlations with accelerated decline.
Source reference: The Washington Post report on popular supplements (vitamin D, omega-3s, glucosamine) and brain aging studies.
Computational model incorporates standardized confounding decay weights based on published epidemiological gerontology benchmarks.