Empirical analysis of administrative roll inaccuracy, NVRA list decay timelines, and verified illegal voting occurrence rates.
Pew Audit Benchmark
Audit Controls & NVRA Rules
Empirical Inaccuracy vs. Illegal Ballot AttemptsNational Benchmark
Total Registered Voters
180,000,000
Active & Inactive List Total
Inaccurate / Stale Records
24,000,000
13.33% administrative lag
Deceased & Duplicate Records
4,550,000
1.8M Deceased | 2.75M Multi-State
Verified Illegal Votes Prosecuted
56
0.000031% occurrence rate
Roll Condition
No Illegal Vote Attempted (Legitimate/Idle)
Verified Fraudulent Ballot Attempt
Clean Active Record
155,999,944 (True Negative)
0 (Clean Impersonation)
Administrative Stale (Move/Dead/Dup)
23,999,944 (Administrative Lag)
56 (Verified Illegal Vote)
Audit Summary: Out of 24.0M outdated administrative records, 0.00023% resulted in verified illegal ballot attempts. The empirical gap is 23,999,944 inactive records.
Voter Roll Decay Timeline & Maintenance Simulation
NVRA Guardrails & Statutory Rules
1
NCOA / DMF Trigger: Unreturned address change card or postal move notice flags record as "Inactive".
2
Forwarding Notice Sent: State sends forwardable confirmation mailing with postage-paid return card.
3
Mandatory Waiting Window: Voter remains on roll through 2 general federal elections.
4
Pruning Protection: No removal within 90 days of a primary or general election (NVRA Quiet Period).
Sample Record Inspector & Regex Cleaning SimulatorShowing 5 of 5 Representative Records