Roman Well Mass Burial Osteological Diagnostic

Bioarchaeological Site Analysis • Well Horizon B-IV
Stratigraphic Context MNI: 43
Depth: 8.5m
0.0m - 8.5m Shaft Depth
Well shaft taphonomy: Commingled unarticulated bone clusters throughout silt/rubble fill. Expedient disposal lacking funerary offerings.
Bioarchaeological Diagnosis Active Model: Bayes-MNI
Epidemic / Acute Infectious Disease Catastrophe (Plague)
Diagnostic Confidence: 94.0% • Battle Probability: 3.0%
  • Perimortem weapon trauma under 3% rules out battle encounter
  • Age-at-death profile mirrors living demographic pyramid rather than military age bias
  • Expedient commingled well discard indicates crisis disposal during social collapse
Minimum No. Individuals (MNI) 43 Based on 43 L. Femurs
Perimortem Trauma Rate 2.3% 1 / 43 individuals (blunt impact)
Subadult Ratio (<18 yr) 34.9% Plague cataclysm signature
Non-Specific Stress (Cribra) 41.9% Chronic metabolic/endemic load
Demographic Mortality Curves (Observed vs Models)
Selected Bone Assemblage & Skeletal Element Inspection

Skeleton Assemblage #12 (Horizon B, Depth 4.8m)

Adult Female (25-30 yr) Trauma: Absent Pathology: Linear Enamel Hypoplasia

Articulated cranium and torso. No weapon lesions or cut marks. Cribra orbitalia present indicating juvenile systemic stress. Discarded directly above rubble stratum.

Osteometric Assemblage Log
ID Horizon Demographic Trauma Context
Differential Matrix Contrast
Plague / Epidemic Well: Normal age pyramid, <5% trauma, hasty discard
Battlefield Trench: Prime adult male skew, >60% sharp/lance trauma
Necropolis Attrition: Infant/elderly U-shape, formal coffins/graves
Interactive Scenario Injection
Based on Live Science report: 43 commingled skeletons in Roman wells lack weapon trauma, confirming crisis disposal during ancient epidemics rather than armed sieges.
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