Pine Forest
Vineyard
Active Fire
Burned
Firebreak
Rothermel Surface Fire Math
Rate of Spread ($R$) is calculated as $R = \frac{\phi_w + \phi_s}{1 + M_f / M_x}$, driven by wind speed vector $\phi_w$, terrain slope $\phi_s$, and fuel moisture content $M_f$. High temperature and low humidity rapidly reduce $M_f$, accelerating propagation into Bordeaux perimeter zones.
Containment Strategy
Draw trench firebreaks in advance of the firefront to eliminate fuel load. Deploy water drops to cool burning cells back into smoldering states, or ignite controlled backburns to consume fuel along defensive lines.