2D Cell Membrane & Signal Transduction View
Click Canvas to Inject Epinephrine
Epinephrine (Ligand)
Beta-Receptor
G-Protein (α-GTP)
cAMP Enzyme
Active PKA
Beta-Blocker
Peak cAMP: 18.4 uM
PKA Activated: 82.5%
Peak Heart Rate: 145 BPM
Glucose Release: 28.2 mg/dL/min
Downstream Organ Systems
LIVE
Heart Rate
145
BPM
Contractility
+45.2
% change
Glucose Release
28.2
mg/dL/min
Vasodilation
+38.0
% Skeletal Muscle
Molecular Parameters
Epinephrine Dose
50 nM
Receptor Density
120 /μm²
PDE Inhibitor (Caffeine/Theophylline)
0%
Beta-Blocker Competition
0 nM
Signal Transduction Chain
1. Epinephrine Binding (β1/β2)
2. G-Protein (Gαs) Dissociation
3. Adenylate Cyclase & cAMP Sync
4. PKA Activation & Phosphorylation