Androgen Receptor Signaling & DSD Differentiation Simulator

2D Molecular Kinetics & Receptor Activation

Testo (T)

DHT

AR Receptor

Active Complex

AR Affinity (Kd)

Active Complexes

Transcription Output

0.0%

DHT Ratio

0.0%

Testosterone Level 600 ng/dL

5α-Reductase Activity 100%

AR Binding Affinity (Kd) 0%

AR Receptor Density 100%

Embryonic Tissue Morphogenesis (6–12 Gestational Weeks) 46,XY Genotype

Gestational Timeline Scrubber Week 8

CAIS (Complete Androgen Insensitivity)

Despite a 46,XY genotype and functional testes producing testosterone & MIS (Müllerian Inhibiting Substance), complete AR non-responsiveness (Kd = 0%) prevents Wolffian duct survival and external virilization. Müllerian ducts regress normally due to MIS, resulting in female external genitalia, unvirilized phenotype, and absent internal uterus/ovaries.

CANONICAL COMPUTED RESULT:

Preset: CAIS

Karyotype: 46,XY

AR Kd: 0%

Transcription: 0.0%

Wolffian: Regressed

External: Female

Androgen Receptor Signaling & Morphogenesis

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Read the explanation

In 46,XY development, testicular testosterone diffuses across the cell membrane where 5-alpha reductase converts a fraction into potent dihydrotestosterone. When androgen receptor affinity is zero, as in Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome, no active complexes form and transcriptional output drops to zero percent. Adjusting AR binding affinity to one hundred percent restores receptor dimer formation, driving nuclear translocation and stimulating high transcriptional output. Consequently, embryonic tissue diverges: functional AR retains the Wolffian ducts and virilizes external genitalia, whereas receptor insensitivity causes duct regression and female external morphology.