Chinese Space Program Pioneer Architecture Explorer: Liu Jiyuan Era Milestones

Launch Vehicle Architectures

Staging & Payload Parameters

Payload Mass (kg) 7,800 kg

Stage 1 Propellant Loading 100% (186.5 t)

Stage 2 Propellant Loading 100% (86.0 t)

Trajectory Staging Pitch Bias Optimal Gravity Turn (1.00×)

Ascent Trajectory & Staging Profile T+ 428s (SECO)

Total Delta-V

9,340 m/s

Stage 1 Burnout Alt

52.4 km

Insertion Velocity

7,780 m/s

Mission Feasibility

NOMINAL_ORBITAL_INSERTION

Project 921 Crewed Spaceflight Foundation (1992-1999)

As aerospace vice-minister and later founding director of the China National Space Administration (CNSA), Liu Jiyuan directed the engineering architecture for Project 921. He oversaw the human-rated human launch vehicle program, leading to the Long March 2F with redundant fault-tolerant avionics and the escape tower system that carried Shenzhou spacecraft.

Vehicle: Long March 2F (CZ-2F) Target: LEO 200km x 350km @ 42.4 deg CNSA / CASC Architectural Era