Cash Distribution Waterfall Flow
Whole Fund WaterfallDistribution Tranches
European vs. American Waterfalls
In a European (whole-fund) waterfall, LPs receive 100% of all distributions until their cumulative contributed capital plus the preferred return hurdle (typically 8%) is completely satisfied. In an American (deal-by-deal) waterfall, carried interest is calculated per asset exit, but requires clawback reserves if subsequent investments lose value.
The GP Catch-Up Mechanics
Once LPs clear their preferred hurdle, the GP enters the Catch-Up tranche. Under a standard 100% catch-up, 100% of incremental profits flow to the GP until the GP has received exactly 20% of all cumulative profits generated above return of capital. Thereafter, remaining distributions split 80/20.
Realized Exits & DPI
Warburg Pincus's milestone $12 billion in realized exits year-to-date underscores how liquidity events directly elevate fund DPI (Distributed to Paid-In). Institutional LPs prioritize DPI over unrealized TVPI when evaluating reinvestment and new flagship fund commitments.