RAF Ejection Sequence Trainer

Explore the ejection envelope of a Martin-Baker Mk16 seat in 3D. Adjust altitude, airspeed, and seat angle to see real-time pilot trajectory, parachute deployment, and survival probability. Based on published ejection seat performance data.

Ejection Envelope Visualization

Custom Scenario
Configure parameters and run simulation.

Ejection Envelope Reference

Martin-Baker Mk16 Performance

The Mk16 is a zero-zero capable seat (0 ft, 0 kt). It uses a rocket motor delivering ~42 kN thrust for 0.25 s, achieving 12–14 g acceleration. Drogue parachute stabilizes and decelerates the seat; main parachute deploys at ~400 ft AGL or 2.5 s after seat separation, whichever is higher.

Key Performance Envelope

• Zero-zero: 0 ft / 0 kt (minimum 150 ft clearance for full sequence)

• Low altitude: < 500 ft requires rapid sequence; drogue may be skipped

• High speed: > 450 kt risks aerodynamic injury; seat includes stabilization

• Maximum operational: 50,000 ft / 600 kt

Injury Mechanisms Modeled

• Spinal compression: > 20 g sustained or > 30 g peak

• Flail injury: limbs striking canopy/structure at high dynamic pressure

• Parachute opening shock: > 12 g at deployment

• Ground impact: > 6 m/s descent rate

How to Read the Simulation

Green trajectory = seat within safe acceleration and clearance limits. Amber = marginal (high g, low clearance, or delayed chute). Red = predicted impact or excessive injury risk.

Survival Probability Calculation

Based on historical ejection data (USAF/RAF 1970–2020):

• Base rate: 92% for in-envelope ejections

• Altitude < 500 ft: −15% per 100 ft deficit

• Speed > 450 kt: −8% per 50 kt excess

• Bank > 60°: −12% (asymmetric thrust vector)

• Weight < 60 kg or > 105 kg: −5% (seat fit)

Export Training Report

The report includes all input parameters, computed trajectory waypoints, g-load profile, parachute deployment event, survival probability with factor breakdown, and a pass/fail assessment against RAF training standards. Use for debrief or scenario planning.

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