Sodium-Ion vs Lithium-Ion Battery Mechanics Simulator

Cathode / Ion System

Anode Host Structure

Ambient Temp -10°C

C-Rate (Charge Speed) 1.5 C

Tested Cycles 500

Voltage Bias +3.2 V

Electrochemical & Economic Metrics

Capacity Retention

91.2%

Lattice Expansion

7.4%

Energy Density

285 Wh/L

Grid LCOS Storage

$62.5 /MWh

Thermal Runaway Stability

Superior (Non-exothermic to 160°C)

Observation: Hard carbon pores comfortably accommodate larger Na⁺ ions (1.02 Å) without graphite exfoliation. At -10°C, Na⁺ retains 85% kinetics with zero dendrite plating risk.