Cohort Parameters
Baseline chronic illness multiplier (CVD, COPD, Diabetes, Renal)
Risk Telemetry & Evidence Model Moderate (Observational Cohort)
Active Cohort: Adults Aged 65+ with Comorbidity Index 2.4
Adjusted Hazard Ratio
1.48
95% CI: 1.22 – 1.79
Relative Risk Inc.
48.0%
vs. active comparator
Calculated Absolute Risk
18.5
per 1,000 exposed
Excess Risk Delta
+6.0
per 1,000 (Baseline: 12.5)
Forest Plot: Hazard Ratios by Subgroup (Null = 1.0)
Interactive D3.js Render
| Antibiotic Class | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | Baseline Mortality / 1k | Absolute Risk / 1k | Excess Risk / 1k |
|---|
Epidemiological Confounding Caveat:
Observational findings often suffer from confounding by indication: patients prescribed broader fluoroquinolones/macrolides are frequently sicker, have compromised pulmonary function, or present with atypical pneumonia. An adjusted HR of 1.48 in older populations translates to an absolute excess mortality of 6.0 per 1,000 patients, whereas in younger adults (18–49) absolute excess is negligible (<0.5 per 1,000).