• CRUDE-TO-RETAIL PUMP: 1 barrel = 42 US gallons. Finished retail price integrates Brent spot, refining crack spread, and state/federal excise distribution buffer.
• COMMERCIAL AVIATION: Fuel costs represent 32% of direct operating costs. Crack spread multipliers on Jet A-1 trigger an estimated 18.5% OpEx surge.
• MARITIME SHIPPING: Heavy Fuel Oil / Very Low Sulphur Fuel Oil (VLSFO) bunker surcharge indexed per Forty-Foot / TEU container slot.
• MONETARY REACTION: Headline inflation impulse of +0.65 percentage points elevates terminal rate hike odds to 74.0%.