Real-Time Oscilloscope & Plant Dynamics
Target Setpoint
Measured Plant
Actuator Effort
Peak Overshoot
0.0%
Optimal
Rise Time (10-90%)
0.00 s
Transient Step
Settling Time (±2%)
0.00 s
Tolerance Band
Steady-State Error
0.00
Stable Loop
Control System Dynamics Guidance
Observe how derivative gain ($K_d$) damps overshoot caused by high proportional gain ($K_p$). Notice that sensor latency ($T_{delay}$) creates phase lag—excessive $K_d$ under high delay will destabilize the loop! Integral gain ($K_i$) eliminates steady-state bias but can lead to integrator windup under heavy saturation.