Markov Cohort Trajectory (100k Population)
State distributions over time
Cumulative Net QALY Balance Trajectory
Positive net life quality
Switching-to-Initiation Breakeven Matrix
Net QALY outcome across rates
Comparative Biomarker Toxicant Ledger
| Biomarker / Exposure | Combustible Tobacco | E-Cigarette Aerosol | Harm Reduction Ratio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon Monoxide (CO exhaled) | 15 - 35 ppm | < 1.5 ppm (Ambient) | > 95% reduction |
| Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines (NNK, NNN) | 300 - 1,200 ng/day | 0.8 - 4.2 ng/day | > 98% reduction |
| Volatile Organics (Acrolein, Benzene) | High toxicant load | Trace / near undetectable | > 90% reduction |
| Particulate Ultra-fines & Flavorings | High combustion tar | Propylene glycol / vegetable glycerin | Residual respiratory risk |