Strait of Hormuz Chokepoint
Approximately 20–21 million barrels per day (about 20% of global petroleum liquids consumption) flow through the Strait of Hormuz. When military tensions escalate between Iran and allied forces, tanker insurance rates skyrocket and shipping diversions tighten global prompt crude balances immediately.
Refinery Crack Spreads & Inventories
Higher crude costs do not stay in the oilfield. U.S. refiners face elevated 3:2:1 crack spreads when maritime disruptions threaten distillate and heavy crude feedstocks. This spreads the price spike from pure gasoline to diesel, jet fuel, and petrochemical feedstocks.
Why the $100 Billion Figure?
Axios reported analysis showing that an uncontained Iran conflict sustaining oil above $100–$115/barrel draws over $100 billion from American consumers within 12 months. $58B hits vehicle fuel tanks directly, $24B elevates residential utilities, and $18B enters consumer goods via freight logistics.