Current Year TFR
2.05
Replacement Level: 2.10
2.1 Replacement Cross
2021
Crossed below 2.10
Peak Population
2062
1.68 Billion
Aged Dependency Ratio
18.4%
Ratio (65+) / (15-64)
Workforce Proportion
67.2%
Ages 15–64 Year Cohort
Age-Cohort Pyramid
Distribution by 5-Year Age Groups
■ Male
■ Female
Fertility & Population Trajectory
1950 – 2100 Timeline Projection
— Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
--- Population Size
--- 2.10 Benchmark
The Global Demographic Shift: As highlighted in recent analysis of India's rapid fertility decline, fertility rates (TFR) are falling below replacement level (2.1) far earlier in economic development cycles than in 20th-century Western transitions. Higher female education, rapid urban migration, and delayed marriage drive steep contractions in youth cohorts, ultimately leading to shrinking workforces and escalating aged dependency ratios across both developing and developed economies.